Add es2023 target

[Gabriela Araujo Britto (gabritto)]

Fixes #57683.

We've already added the library option for es2023, so this has the corresponding target changes only.
The tsconfig.json schema also already includes an es2023 target option.

[TypeScript Bot (typescript-bot)]

Thanks for the PR! It looks like you've changed the TSServer protocol in some way. Please ensure that any changes here don't break consumers of the current TSServer API. For some extra review, we'll ping Sheetal Nandi (@sheetalkamat), Matt Bierner (@mjbvz), Kat Marchán (@zkat), and Joaquin Jares (@joj) for you. Feel free to loop in other consumers/maintainers if necessary.

[TypeScript Bot (typescript-bot)]

Looks like you're introducing a change to the public API surface area. If this includes breaking changes, please document them on our wiki's API Breaking Changes page.

Also, please make sure Daniel Rosenwasser (@DanielRosenwasser) and Ryan Cavanaugh (@RyanCavanaugh) are aware of the changes, just as a heads up.

[Ryan Cavanaugh (RyanCavanaugh)]

I like that we have 19,200 tests and exactly 1 of them uses target: *